The buffer zones situated between two great powers are constantly exposed to invasions and excesses of all kinds. Principality of Andorra, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France, is a rare and happy exception, its borders remaining unchanged since 1278, when the conflict between Count of Foix and the Bishop of La Seu d'Urgell was resolved by the signing of a pareage (pariatges), which provided that its sovereignty be shared between these two. And so it remained until today, with some brief interludes, the role of monarch being exercised jointly by the President of France and the Catholic Bishop of the Catalan city La Seu d'Urgell.
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