Rising from the south shore of the Absheron Peninsula at the western edge of the Caspian Sea, in Caucasus region, the Walled City of Baku was founded on a site inhabited since the Palaeolithic period. The city reveals, along with the dominant Azerbaijani element, evidence of Zoroastrian, Sassanian, Arabic, Persian, Shirvani, Ottoman, and Russian presence in cultural continuity. The Inner City (İçəri Şəhər) has preserved much of its 12th-century defensive walls, which define the character of the property.
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